Cultural Dimensions

DISAGREEING

How Different Cultures Disagree Productively & Approach Conflict

two crane fighting while flying

How do different cultures approach conflict? Does the culture you come from tend to express disagreement openly or tacitly?

Conflict and disagreement are necessary realities in the business world. But the rules for appropriate disagreement vary across cultures. In discussing conflict and culture, cultural communication expert Erin Meyer divides disagreement styles into two extremes: “confrontational” and “avoids confrontation.”

Key Characteristics

CONFRONTATIONAL

AVOIDS CONFRONTATION

  • Disagreement and debate is positive for the team or organization.

  • Open confrontation is appropriate and will not negatively impact the relationship.

  • Deeply rooted in the education system, eg case study based approach is extensively used to dissect the depth of a concept.
  • Disagreement and debate is negative for the team or organization.

  • Open confrontation is inappropriate and will break group harmony or negatively impact the relationship.

COUNTRY COMPARISON

The chart shows examples of where certain countries fall on the disagreeing scale. 

EXAMPLE Nr. 1

 

Li Shen, a young Chinese manager who eagerly accepted a job as a marketing manager for L’Oreal after doing her MBA in Europe found herself working at the company’s Shanghai office. Her excellent command of English and acceptable French gave her confidence when dealing with her European colleagues. She didn’t feel there was a cultural gap between her and her European peers, until she was invited to Paris to present her ideas about a marketing campaign in China.

“I prepared my presentation tirelessly,” she recalls. “I spent all thirteen hours of the plane ride from Shanghai rehearsing each slide so my points would be convincing.”

There were 12 people in the meeting and Shen was the only non-European in the room. Her ideas were prepared and meticulous but she was taken aback by the challenges thrown at her by her French colleagues. They started by questioning why she had chosen to change a specific colour in a print ad. As she was explaining, other members of the group began to challenge her other decisions. Shen felt attacked and humiliated, mostly upset with herself. “They obviously did not feel I was the marketing expert I claimed to be,” she recalled.

When the meeting was over, Shen rushed for the exit, but before she could escape, she had a surprise. Several of the participants who had challenged her came up to congratulate her and tell her how polished and interesting her presentation was. “At that moment, I realised I was more Chinese than I thought,” she said.

EXAMPLE Nr. 2

 

Erin Meyer shares another example here: « I experienced a similar issue when working with a group of American and German executives from DaimlerChrysler in 2002. When I explained in a session that Americans are generally less direct with negative feedback than Germans, Dirk Firnhaber, one of the Germans, promptly disagreed and went on to cite several personal experiences as counterexamples. A second German colleague also joined in to support Firnhaber.

Afterwards, Ben Campbell, one of the American participants came up to me visibly frustrated. “I don’t get it,” he said. “The Germans signed up for this course. Why do they have to constantly disagree with you?” Ben turned to Dirk. “Is it cultural?” he wondered.

“I’ll think about it,” Dirk replied.

After lunch, Dirk was ready to share his thoughts.

“We have this word in German, Sachlichkeit, which is most closely translated in English as “objectivity.” We can separate someone’s opinions or idea from the person expressing the idea. When I say “I disagree,” I am debating Erin’s position, not disapproving of her.”

In the following video, you will get an understanding of how, in cross-cultural business negotiations, people from different cultures express their disagreement and how emotionally they can get. 

CONFRONTATIONAL VERSUS EMOTIONAL EXPRESSIVENESS

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